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Jogyesa (Head temple of Jogye Sect)
Jogyesa temple is the only major temple within the old city walls of Seoul. Built in 1910, the temple became the headquarters of Jogyejong, the principal sect of Buddhism in Korea. The name Jogye refers both to movement for the purification of Buddhism started by the monk Ui-chon in the Goryeo period (918-1392). Jogyejong emphasizes the orthodox Zen, meditation tradition and maintains the purity of monastic celibacy. The other major order the Taegojong, although emphasizing Zen, permits its monks to marry. The major attraction of the temple is Main Worship Hall, Daeungjeon, with three Buddhas, Sakyamuni Buddha, Amitabha Buddha and Bhaisajyaraja Buddha. This triad Buddha statues are the biggest in one floor Buddhist hall in Korea. Sakyamuni Buddha statue made out of wood from Dogapsa temple was enshrined here in 1938. Sakyamuni Buddha is located at the heart of the temple compound as is known as a great hero because he has overcome greed, hatred and delusion thus understanding thins as they truly are. The magnificent Daeungjeon is surely the most majestic of Korean temple. Situated on a high granite pedestal, the building has beautifully carved doors with panels showing deer, bamboo and other typically oriental motifs. The interior of the Daeungjeon has a very lofty ceiling which is richly carved with figures of dragons, clouds, and lions. In front of the hall stands seven story pagoda holding Sarira which was taken to Korea by a Ceylon monk Dharmapala on August 20, 1913. The belfry holds a bell that is struck every morning and evening along with Dharma drum, Wooden Fish and cloud-shaped gong. While here it is worth noting the 500 year old lacebark pine and 400 year old locust tree that still grace the property.
Tongdosa (Temple of the Buddha)
Before entering the temple compound, the visitor has to pass over the windless bridge which leads into a forest of pines. Most temples have a bridge, often over a wonderful rushing torrent, before the gates to the compound. This is a symbolic purification of the individual as he or she passes form the secular world into the spiritual world. It was built in 646 by one of the most famous monk Jajang (608-686) on his return from China. The temple was destroyed by Hideyoshi invasion and the main hall of the temple was reconstructed in 1645. There are 35 buildings and small hermitages in the valleys behind the temple. It is unique in that it has no statue of the Buddha, only a window looking out onto a stupa. Unlike other Buddhist sanctums, the ceiling of the main hall is especially marvelous as it is covered with a beautifully executed pattern of chrysanthemums, and has a hip-and-garble roof. This style of this building is known as that of multi-cluster bracketing. The main worship hall has no paintings or Buddha images: You look out a window to the stupa that contains the Buddha's relics. And it is here next to the Vajra or Diamond Platform that the Jogye Order, Korea's celibate sect, traditionally holds its ordinations. Thus, one "passes through" here on the road to enlightenment. The altar has a two-story structure engraved with Buddha and eight gods protecting the laws on the lower portion, while flying deities are on the upper portion.
The Diamond Precept Altar is a unique and elaborately-built artifact. It is believed to enshrine the Buddha's remains which master Jajang brought from China and is therefore the focal point of the temple. The name Vinaya for the Tongdosa precepts altar comes from the diamond treasure precepts, the Mahayana rules a presented in the Sutra of Brahma's net. The diamond reference signifies indestructibility, i.e. once received, the rules are never lost. The name also suggests the primacy of discipline among the three Buddhist vehicles of learning in the quest for attaining enlightenment. The three
studies are (a) learning by the commandments, or prohibitions, (b) learning by quiet meditation and (c) learning by wisdom or philosophical principles. Normally, the precepts altar, which enshrines Buddha relics, is located in front of the Buddha halls, however, there is no Buddha statue inside the Buddha hall, which instead has a window looking out to the stupa behind it. Of special interests are the museum which contains many precious ancient objects, the memorial shrine to Jajang built in 1727, and the Great Hall of Light. this last is a hall dedicated to Virocana Buddha and was constructed 600 years ago. Of note is the lovely Nine Dragon Pond. Originally it was very large and nine dragons lived in it. However, after some time it was reduced in size and now the monks who live in the temple believe there is only one resident dragon which never comes out.
Songgwangsa (Temple of the Followers)
About 40km west of Suncheon, Songgwangsa is one of the three most important temples in Korea, representing the Buddha's followers; monks and laity. Therefore, it has a formidable collection of stele and pagodas containing the ashes of some of many masters who have lived here. To enter the compound, visitors cross over the Uhwagak Pavilion, perched over a pond. There is a striking aesthetic harmony between the arched bridge and the columns. Unlike other temples, there is no pagoda in front of the main worship hall (Daeungjeon), which emphasizes the grandeur of the site. It was a very large temple, but was destroyed several times. Repair works were set up but never returned to its former glory. Usually the main hall is the highest building, but in Songgwangsa that is not so. The teaching Hall, the master's Portrait Hall and and the residence of the Spiritual Leader are in the highest positions in Songgwangsa because this is one of the three major temples, making it different from other temples. The temple contains all the facilities needed to train monks in the ways of Buddha and has produced 16 guksas (the highest rank in Buddhism, a title reserved only for the most highly esteemed monks). The sheer width of main worship hall gives one the impression of grandeur, a feeling further enhanced by the many paintings illustrating the teachings of Buddha and highlighting his achievements. In the Main Hall, the three main statues are the past Buddha, Dpiankara, the present day Buddha Sakyamuni, and the future Buddha Maitreya. Visitors may opt to participate in a temple stay program or join a tea ceremony class.
Haeinsa (Temple of Buddist Teaching)
It is a temple representing the Teaching. It was built in early 9th century to propagate the philosophy of Avatamsaka-sutra (The Great and Vast Buddha Garland) sutra, which compares the wisdom of Buddha to a calm sea. When the sea, that is the human mind, is freed from the wild waves of worldly desires and follies, it will finally attain a mirror-like peacefulness where the true image of all existence is clearly reflected. Haein's literal meaning is reflection on a smooth sea. Haein Samadhi is a state of meditation in which an enlightened person sees everything as it is; a world in which all dualities cease. Such a world has a surface like that of a clam sea.
After passing three gates, there is a large main hall courtyard on the middle of which stands weathered stone lantern and pagoda. With the main hall or Hall of Great Peace and Light, Virocana is enshrined franked by Manjusri and the Samantabhadra statues along with other Bodhisattvas including Avalokitesvara, Virocana, Ksitigarbha and Dharmogata. Behind the statues are paintings portraying Buddha's life including Ichadon's martyrdom. The paintings of Buddha's life are highly detailed and rather unusual. At the back of this hall, another flight of steps will lead you up to depositories called Janggyeong Panjeon housing 81,258 wood-blocks of Tripitaka Koreana which is an offering to the Buddha for national protection from invasions. Tripitaka Koreana is referred to as Three baskets - Sutra which are believed to be the actual words of the Buddha, Vinaya which contains the rules of behavior for monks and nuns, and Abhidharma which is a classic commentary of the sutra), hence name it Temple of Buddhist Teaching. Constructed in 1488, the buildings escaped the fires which burnt down the rest of the temple in 1817. The Tripitaka Koreana was carved in the 13th century in Jeondeungsa temple on Ganghwa Island. It was believed that the possession of these wood blocks would protect the country against invasion. The original set of printing blocks, carved in the 11th century were burnt down by the Mongols and, in the 13th century, a new set was undertaken at the orders of king Gojong. They were transported from Ganghwa island on the heads of nuns to Haeinsa for safekeeping. To prepare the white birch wood blocks, they were submerged in seawater for three years, boiled in seawater for three years and then dried in the shade for three years. it took total 16 years to compile the 81,258 blocks. The style and uniformity of the carving makes it appear that it was carved by one person although it was the work of many. The temple also houses portraits of famous monks. Of them, Samyeong was a famous monk who fought off Japanese troops in the 16th century. After the war he went to Japan as an envoy for a peace treaty in 1604. Samyeong died in this temple in 1610. Haeinsa is named to the World heritage List. At present, an average 220 monks and novices live within the temple compound. Around Haeinsa there are 15 hermitages where about 200 women live. There are also a few men's hermitages. The temple is the largest in Korea in terms of residents and has the largest monk's university. Tripitaka Koreana - Making the Tripitaka itself was a miracle. It weighs 280 tons. Each block is roughly 4 centimeters thick. If they were piled up, they would reach a height of 3,200 meters. There are 52,382,960 characters engraved on the woodblocks. The Tripitaka Koreana could be considered the finest engraving of the finest calligraphy. The beauty of the characters engraved on the woodblocks far exceeds that of later Tripitakas produced in the 17th and 18th centuries. There must have been more than 30 engravers, but their calligraphies were the same style as if they were one person. The making of the Tripitaka required 16 years. To make the woodblocks, we need trees, at least 50 to 60 years old, and cut them into logs during wintertime. Logs that are cut during winter are denser and don't easily become warped. In order to help the wood retain its shape and to prevent decay, the logs then underwent a long and complex treatment process. First, they were kept in seawater for three years to remove every trace of resin. They were then cut into equal lengths and boiled in salt water. The salt water prevented insect infestations and mold, and also distributed moisture evenly throughout the wood. They were then dried in a well-ventilated enclosure for another three years. Once they were completely dry, the woodblocks were sanded and their surfaces made smooth. After this lengthy process, the engravers began to inscribe the Tripitaka scriptures on the surface of the wood. Because of their devotion, there were no mistaken or missing letters in the Tripitaka Koreana. Such a feat is rare in the history of woodblock printing, and can almost be regarded as a miracle. Once the engraving was done, lacquer was applied to the woodblocks. Lacquer not only repels insects, but also resists water and chemicals. Since it adheres strongly to the wood, it served an important function in protecting the Tripitaka woodblocks. Finally, rectangular wooden bars were added to both sides of the woodblocks to prevent warping, and the four corners were decorated with copper fittings. Modern scientists were surprised to discover that the copper used to decorate the woodblocks was 99.6 percent pure. Technology capable of refining metals to such a degree must have been rare in the 13th century. Even the nails, which were used to attach these copper fittings, were pure to 94.5 percent to 96.8 percent. Made with low-carbon steel, they included 0.33 percent to 0.38 percent manganese, and hardly any of them have rusted. Tripitaka Koreana is stored in Janggyeong Panjeon which consists of four buildings; building to the north is called Beopbojeon and building to the south is called Sudarajeon. There are buildings that connect these two buildings is called Dongseo Saganjseon. Janggyeong Panjeon was constructed to naturally maintain off the humidity and ventilation which are the key factors preserving the Tripitaka Koreana. By using charcoal, salt, sand, lime powder, and clay and its floors, Janggyeong Panjeon is built to adjust to the humidity by absorbing the moisture during rainy seasons and releasing moisture during the dry season. Sudarajeon and Beopbojeon are designed to have natural ventilation by facing different size windows in the front and rear of the building. Even more amazing aspect is that neither birds built nests nor spiders make webs on these buildings. On the main courtyard, you will see a square-shaped stone design called Haeindo that appears to a picture maze. Many believe that the dream comes true if you walk on it while praying.
Girimsa
The temple is set on the foot of Hamwolsan outskirt of Gyeongju. Built by Gwangyu, an Indian Buddhist priest in 643, it was once the largest temple in the area and served as one of the 31 head temples during the Joseon Dynasty. Today, much of its grandeur have lost, the temple still retains its unique architectural significance and gives a solemn and tranquil atmosphere of the ancient temple. Enshrined in the main worship hall is Vairocana triad Buddha made of clay. Vairocana Buddha (Cosmic head Dharmakaya) is in its center accompanied by the Buddha of Maturity and Sakyamuni Buddha. And in its front on the courtyard stands weathered 3-storied stone pagoda.
Yet, the temple consists of 16 buildings, others relics such as stone carvings remain intact, the sites of Three-Story Wooden Pagoda and the lacquered Seated Mercy Bodhisattva.
Beomeosa
The temple stands on Geumjongsan Mountain. The mountain is carefully described in a Joseon dynasty geography book as having a huge rock at the summit, on the top of which there is a golden well which never, ever dries up. Legend tells that one day a golden fish came from Nirvana and has lived there ever since, so the temple's name became where fish from Nirvana Play. It is recorded that Beomeosa temple was established by Ulsang (625-702) in 678 during the reign of Silla king Munmu (661-681). During one of the Japanese invasions, the king had a dream in which he was told to get Uisang to chant for seven days and then establish a temple on Geumjeongsan Mountain. Beomeosa is famous for its gates. The temple is laid out in an unusual manner. The upper level is around the Main Hall. The second level is around the Bojeru, the Save all Beings Hall and the lower part includes the three gates. The first gate, built in 1614, is called the One-Pillar Gate. One reason for the strange name is that, when you look from one side, the two pillars appear as one. The second gate is the Four Guardian's Gate, where the four awesome protectors of the temple greet you. Of Hindu origin, these protectors are said to have helped Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha to be, to leave his father's house on the night of his renunciation by each taking hold of one hoof of Siddhartha's horse and lifting him over the palace walls. The guardian of the north holds a pagoda or tower, representing a stupa, symbolizing death. The southern guardian is reputed to have the power to multiply his sword so that he can always outnumber his opponents. The guardian of the east is easily spotted by the lute he holds, the strings of which control wind, thunder, hail and other weather phenomena. The guardian of the west holds a dragon in one hand and a jewel in the other. The third gate, the Gate of Non Duality, represents the fact that, though the visitor is passing from the secular world in to the spiritual world of the temple, these two worlds are not different form on another. The third level of the compound centers around a very beautiful Main Hall, rebuilt in 1614. On the ceiling, there are many carve flower because of the legend that, whenever the Buddha teaches, flowers always fall from the heavens. There is a famous painting of Virocana in Beomeosa. It used to hang behind the statue but now it is in a separate building. The harmony of colors gives the viewer a lovely feeling when looking at the painting. Relics of the Buddha, brought to Korea by an Indian monk, have been enshrined in the seven story stupa. In the mountains near Beomeosa temple, there are 11 different hermitages. In addition, the temple is famous for Wisteria habitat. A grove of some 500 wisterias, some of which are more than 100 years old, grow wild around Beomeosa temple. Such a natural habitat is rare in Korea. Temple valley is most beautiful in May when they are in full blossom. They are deciduous vines whose cones mature between September and October. It is also a home to 280 other species of trees and rare plants.
Bulguksa
It is the best known and, if we accept he legend, one of the oldest temples in Korea. The names Buddha Land and it is located on the outskirts of Gyeongju, the ancient capital of the Unified Silla Kingdom. The temple was first built in 535 during the reign of king Beopheung (rule :514-540), the first Silla king to accept Buddhism. In 751, the temple was expanded during the reign of king Gyeongdeok (rule : 752-765) by minister Kim Daeseong in honor of his parents. He also built Seokguram grotto in memory of the poor parents of his previous birth. Bulguksa temple epitomizes the spirit of Silla, bearing witness to the treat architectural achievements of that period and showing highly refined aesthetic beauty. Two mortarless stone pagodas stand complementing each other in the courtyard of the temple. Seokgatap Pagoda is representative of the trend during the Unified Silla Periods when pagodas were simplified to consist of three stories. The simplicity of this pagoda is enhanced by the complexity of its twin. Dabotap Pagoda. Legend tells that they were both created by a mason called Asadal who left his young wife Asanyeo, promising to return as soon as the pagodas were completed. After years of waiting, Asanyeo journeyed to Gyeongju but was prohibited from visiting the pagodas. She was told wait near a pond and that, when the pagodas were completed, they would be reflected in the pond. Eventually, out of desperation, she threw herself into the pond. Thus, Seokgatap Pagoda is sometimes called the Pagoda without reflection. Bulguksa temple is particularly famous for its graceful staircases, actually bridges. They are the oldest stone bridges in Korea and are called bridges because they lead from the secular world to the Land do the Buddha. The one to the east is called Blue and White Cloud Bridge. The second bridge stairway to the west is called the Lotus Flower and the Seven Gems. There are two 9th century gold leaf statues, one of Amitabha, the Buddha of Light, the other of Virocana, the Buddha of Cosmic Power, considered to be the oldest and largest sitting gold statue in Korea. the Amitabha statue is in the Paradise Hall which is connected the Virocana Hall by a covered corridor. The temple is in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list.
Seokguram
Legends tell that Kim Daeseong built the Seokguram in 751 for the parents of his previous life when he lived in Moryang village as a son of a poor widow. Set on the Tohamsan Mountain behind the Bulguksa temple, Seokguram is a classic example of Silla stone sculptures which represent the Buddhist world. The man-made cave houses one of the most beautiful Buddha statues in the world. The grotto consists of outer chamber, entrance and main chamber. The 9 meters high domed rotunda grotto (main chamber) contains a large stone-carved Buddha image of magnificent artistry. Slightly off center is a sculptured octagonal lotus shaped pedestal with eight pillars supporting the Buddha cut from a single piece of granite. The pedestal is 1.6 meters high and 9 meters in circumference. The image including the pedestal is 5 meters. The Buddha's gesture symbolizes the call to witness or surrendering of evil and this mudra (Position of the hands) is especially popular among Korean Buddhists. Encircling the chamber are the ten disciples of Buddha in relief and the relief images of the eleven-headed Avalokitesvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion on the center rear wall of the sanctuary. On the front wall of the entrance to the main chamber are two fear-evoking guardians. On the side walls of the entrance are four guardians depicted firmly crushing beneath their feet demons representing the enemies of Buddhism. On both side of the outer chamber walls are eight protectors. There are total 38 figures including Sakaymuni Buddha in the main chamber. They are eight Dharma protectors : Asura, Garuda, Kinnara, Gandhava, Yaksa, Deva, Naga, Mahoraga and two Vajara-worriers are depicted on the wall of the antechamber. Four deva kings : Virudhaka, Dhrtarastra, Virupaksa, Valsravana are on the wall of the vestibule. In the main hall, two kings : Indra, Brahma, Two Boddisattvas : Manjusri, Samantabhadra, ten disciples : Moggalana, Sariputra, Subhuti, Kasyapa, Katayana, Puruna, Upali, Aniruddha, Ananda, Rahula, and finally, eleven faced Avalokittesvara Boddisattva in the main chamber. Eight other Boddisattvas in eight niches out of ten in the main hall are enshrined. The grotto is listed in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage in 1995.
Hwagyesa
Hwagyesa
, built in 1522 by Zen master Shin Wol, is located in at the foot of the Samgakshan in the north of Seoul. When you pass the main entrance bearing the sign 'Hwagyesa', two huge zelkova trees will be the first to greet you. And, the frenzy of the city melts away within the serene confines of the temple complex surrounded by the thick woods. The main hall has a hipped-and-gabled roof and is of a multi-cluster bracket style with two tiers of brackets projecting to the outside and three tiers to the inside. Enshrined in the center is Sakyamuni Buddha and beside which sits Avalokiteshvara and Mahasthnmaprapta. Nestled in the hillside, overlooking the temple, are the Memorial Pagodas for three great Zen Masters, all of them are great teachers in their times. The legend has it that spring near the temple was created by crows, pecking a hole in a rock from which a stream began to flow. But more than anything else, the name Hwagyesa is widely known due to the efforts of Ven. Seungsahn (1927-2004) who taught more than 50,000 disciples around the globe. There are more than 100 international monks and nuns who ordained under Ven. Seungsahn at Hwagyesa. The Hwagyesa International Zen Center is a home to many Korean lineage Zen masters and teachers.
Bogwangsa
There are many temples named Bogwangsa in Korea. One of them is the 9th century temple located in the foothills of Goryeongsan Mountain in Paju in the north of Seoul. Bogwangsa (Temple of Universal Light) sustained huge damage during the Korean War, and the postwar reconstruction project was undertaken on a large scale. Enshrined in the main hall are Sakyamuni Buddha in the center accompanied by Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Medicine), Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life), Meitreyanantha and Dipamkara. Stored in the main hall is a bronze bell that was cast in 1634. Lacking a sound hole, the main body which is decorated with lotus flowers, an adorned belt, and the shapes of continuous waves is connected with the head part that is decorated with two dragons. This magnificent main prayer hall is supported by entasis pillars, the application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic purposes, and delicately and splendidly carved brackets on which faded paintings shows an archaic charm reveals an architectural beauty. On its ceiling, there are 13 pieces of paintings that depict colorful birds, flowers, heavenly dancer and musician. In addition, outside wooden board walls are decorated with paintings most of which are faded. On its east are fancy rocks, old pine, and lotus flowers. The south wall shows Manjusuri on a lion and Vajara-gods, and the north with Sudhana along with Avalokiteshvara in white robe and Samantabhadra on a 6-tusked elephant. In front of the main hall stands Manseru, under the roof of which hangs a 287 centimeter-long wooden fish. The main body as a whole looks like those of common fish, but its large round eyes and brows, bulging nose, mouth holding a cintamani, teeth and deer horns make its head look like that of a dragon. Hiking is recommendable as many trails available leading Dosolsam hermitage and finally the peak of Aengmubong (622m).
Yongmunsa (Yangpyeong)
Yongmunsa (Dragon Gate Temple), which is believed to have established in 913, is a branch temple of Bongseonsa, the 25th temple of Korea's Jogye Order. The temple is in Yangpyeong, but quite a ways up the mountain, surrounded by really thick gorgeous lush trees. Inside the main hall, with Sakyamuni Buddha in the center, Majusuri and Samantabhdra are arranged beside him. In addition, a marvelous painting of Avalokiteshvara with her 1,000 hands and eyes, and a painting of devas are hung on the wall. Located behind the Main Hall is Samseonggak dedicated to three spirits. The spirit of a mountain is shown as an elderly bearded figure seated underneath a pine tree with a tiger behind him. Two other gods are Chilseong and Dokseong. Chiisong refers to the 3-star or 7-star deity which rules the Pole Star and is another guise of the Lord of Heaven. Dokseong is a mysterious figure of the Taoism. He is one of the Taoist Immortals who lived on the peaks of lofty mountains. Beside the main hall is dedicated to Ksitigarbha (Earth Store Bodhisattva) as well as the ten judges of the dead and other denizens of the Buddhist purgatory known as the Department of Darkness. This is where people go after they die to be judged and sentenced prior to their next rebirth. Visitors just humble themselves by putting their hands together. The temple itself is over 1,000 years old but of course the buildings have all been rebuilt several times. There is a 42 meter-tall gingko tree that is more famous than the temple itself. Legend has it that the tree grew out of a cane that the last prince of Silla planted in the ground. You will be awed by the long time the tree must have endured and you cannot even fathom a thousand-year-old living thing.
Bonginsa
It
is located on the foot of Mountain Cheonma in the north Namyangju. Little is known about who built and when it was established. The main hall is unique and name plate bears Korean words, Keunbeopdang, literally meaning Large Dharma Hall. The main hall's roof is hipped-garbled and inside the hall is enshrined with a seated Sakyamuni in the middle attended on each side by two standing Bodhisattvas; Avalokitesvara and Ksitigarbha. There are 1,250 seated Lohans carved out of the stone and Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Medicine) standing tall in their front. Visitors just humble themselves by putting their hands together. At Jijangjeon hall, you will see a seated Ksitigarbha. On his back is a Wheel of Law symbolizing the teaching of Buddha reaching all corners of the world as if on wheel. The spirit of a mountain, an indigenous Korean belief of Shamanistic roots, is enshrined in the Samseonggak. Two other gods enshrined here are Chilseong which refers to the 3-star or 7-star deity which rules the Pole Star and is another guise of the Lord of Heaven, and Dokseong, a mysterious figure of the Taoism. All Mountain Spirit, Big Dipper Spirit, and Lonely Sage have non-Buddhist origins. Bonginsa offers templestay program, a great opportunity to experience a monastic life in a tranquil atmosphere.
Myojeoksa
Located in Namyangju, about 30km in the northeast of Seoul, Myojeoksa is a small and relatively new temple. Although the temple lacks the beauty of a natural environment like mountain temples, it is conveniently accessible by everyone. The temple has an array of Main Worship Hall, Gulbeopdang or grotto temple of Arahnts, the awakened followers for the Buddha, and Hall of Mountain Spirit, Zen center and monk's private quarters with a small pond on its back. On the courtyard stands 7-story octagonal pagoda. The Templestay Program centers on contemplation and Maha Zen meditation is always open. The temple also offers participants a number of other ways to experience monastic life, including Balwoo Gongyang - temple way of meal offerings, prostrations, chanting, and Buddhist ceremonial services.
Bongjeongam
Bongjeongam or Phoenix Bower Hermitage is one of Korea's five temples enshrining holy relics of Buddha. Perched at 1,244m above sea level on the Seoraksan, it was reportedly built by Jajang in 644 to preserve and worship relics of Sakyamuni Buddha. Jajang brought the relics from China and divided them into five groups and put one each at the five temples; Sangwonsa, Jeongamsa, Beopheungsa, and Tongdosa,. Legend has it that phoenix helped Jajang chose this site. There is a Buddha face rock just above Bongjeongam, He recognized the face when phoenix landed on this cliff and decided to put the Treasure Palace of Enlightenment here. There is a hall, but it lacks the image of Buddha or Buddhist Tanka Paintings for the pagoda that enshrines holy relics itself represents the Buddha. This pagoda is visited and venerated by many thousands of Buddhist and spiritual pilgrims every year. The soaring crags here are regarded as natural pagodas manifesting mountain itself enlightened. About 6 hour's hike from Baekdamsa is a bit strenuous, but you are compensated by marvelous view of Seoraksan that is named as a Biosphere Preservation District by UNESCO.
Samhwasa
The foundation legend has it that Buddhist priest Jajang inspired three wicked female spirits, who had suffered great sorrow, to help him build this temple. Samhwasa (Temple of Three Harmony) with a mystery of 1,000 years was at one time named Mureung Dowon (Arcadia in Peach Tree Garden). The temple is nestled in an exceptionally beautiful valley of Mureung Valley of Dutasan near Donghae. The western peak of the mountain has the shape of dancing phoenix and standing crane, while the southern edge looks like crouching tiger and hidden dragon. While nature offers lush greens and fresh pastel hues during spring, autumn is a season of dramatic reds, oranges and yellows. Autumn always brings some of nature's most stunning scenery. Mountains are covered with brilliant crimson leaves, sharply contrasting with the clear blue skies. At entrance, you will first see One-Pillared gate. Past the stream is the world of Buddha. Unlike other temples in Korea, temple's library will first greet you. The temple's main worship hall Jeokgwangjeon contains a Virocana Buddha (Buddha of the Future), and several other halls, shrine and pavilion hold Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Medicine), Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life), Three Spirits, and Brahma bell respectively. Beside the main hall is the statue of Ksitigarbha (Earth Store Bodhisattva). An elegant 3-story pagoda stands in front of the main hall. It is a well balanced pagoda which has kept a good feature from the bottom to the top though many cracks and some partial damages were found.
Jeongamsa
Jeongamsa is nestled on the slopes of Hambaeksan in Jeongseon which was once boomed by mining industry. Founded in 643 by Jajang, the temple is relatively small but more famous for one of Korea's five temples enshrining holy relics of Buddha. An arched bridge called Geukrakgyo allows visitors to enter the Buddha's land. On the courtyard you will notice a tree that is said to have grown out of a cane that Jajang planted in the ground. Jeokmyeolbogung or Treasure Palace of Enlightenment that lacks Buddha image common to others greets the visitors and behind which stands a 9m tall pagoda, a focal point of the temple. This 7 story pagoda that is entirely made out of agate enshrines holy relics and many humble themselves by putting their hands together here. Trekking is recommendable as many scenic trails available leading to the peak of Hambaeksan.
Beopheungsa
Since Beopheungsa was founded by priest Jajang in 643, it has been a major prayer center and home of wisdom among Korean Buddhists. The temple is set on the halfway up to the peak of Sajasan in Yeongwol. The entrance path guarded by pine forest is refreshing and regarded as one of the most scenic spots in the area. Near the entrance, you will see an excellent carved relief Buddha from Goryeo period (982-1392). The Treasure Palace of Enlightenment enshrines the Sarira. Behind the hall stands a stupa that once housed holy relics of Buddha, and natural cave where Jajang would worship and meditate. Beophuengsa offers Templestay program, a rewarding experience of monastic life.
Geonbongsa
It
was reportedly founded in 520 by Ado who was credited with having brought Buddhism into Silla (BC 57- AD 935). Geonbongsa, meaning 'Temple of the Phoenix in the West' gets its name from the phoenix-shaped rock formation that flanks the temple grounds a short distance away. The temple could not even be visited until 1989 due to the temple's proximity to the DMZ that separates two Koreas. Now, security check is required in order to get to. At one time, the temple had more than 700 monks sojourning here. During the Hideyoshi invasion in 1592, the temple was a locale where revered priest Samyeongdang recruited 6,000 warrior monks. It was 1604 when Samyeongdang went to Japan as an envoy and a Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu in a display of his respect unfetterred Korean prisoners and gave Samyeongdang his holy relics back which are now enshrined at this temple. Having got a status of royal praying temple in 1465 by King Sejo, it quickly became one of the top 4 most important temples in Korea ruling 31 temples in its jurisdiction. To this day, Geonbongsa remains as one of the few temples in Korea that enshrines the teeth of Buddha. The temple museum displays many artifacts including a number of video displays highlighting Samyeongdang's achievements. Repair works were set but never returned to its former glory. Geonbongsa is a little known, but historically significant Buddhist Temple in Korea.
Bongjeongsa
Founded in 672 AD by Buddhist priest Neungin (Some record say by Euisang), the temple literally means "the Temple of Phoenix Landing ". The temple holds a following legend on its foundation. A young Neungin, Euisang's disciple, was in deep meditation in the dark rocky cave near the summit of the Cheondung Mountain. One day, a heavenly maiden appeared in front of him meditating, and tempted him. But her attempt was failed after all. Much impressed, she lighted cave by offering heavenly light. After that, Neungin acquired more miraculous power and flew paper phoenix from his cave. He later built a temple on which the phoenix landed, and the temple was named as such. There are 10 buildings in this temple. Daeungjeon, a central building of Bongjeongsa, is particularly apparent in the multi-cluster bracketing of the eaves which is characterized by simplicity and sturdiness. Geukrakjeon, the Korea's one of the oldest wooden edifices, three storied ancient stone pagoda, the main sanctuary of the temple, Hwaeom lecture hall, Yeongsanam hermitage, belfry, and Deokhwiru pavilion are among the temple attractions. Queen Elizabeth II came to visit this temple on April 21, 1999. About 20 minute walk from the temple is the 7th century Gaemoksa, meaning 'the Temple of Opening Eyes '. According to the legend, a heavenly maiden appeared to help Uisang, who was in meditation, attaining enlightenment. Thus this temple is said to have been built on that site. In Andong, there were extremely large numbers of blind people. Since then, there were no blind men in Andong and its neighboring towns. Today, there is a small hermitage which was built in 1457. Not far from here is a cave where Neungin meditated.
Magoksa
Magoksa (Flax Valley Temple) is quietly nestled about 15km west of Gongju. Built in 640, Magoksa is a truly traditional temple in the deep mountains virtually untouched by modern civilization. The clean clear scenic beauty and water is refreshing, while the varied rock patterns, formations and coloration in the vicinity will make the visit unforgettable. Quiet meditative atmosphere still remains along with mountain charm, lulled by the musical rhythm of stream water flowing through the temple grounds and wind rustling through the dense woods. Near the entrance of the temple is a side compound of buildings of which the Yeongsanjeon is the main structure. The main entrance to Magoksa is quite traditional for typical Korean Buddhist temple. The initial gate is the Haetalmun where two large guardian deities are found positioned on either side. The next gate is Cheonwangmun housing four temple guardians. Daegwangbojeon is a main worship hall. The architectural style is the one that uses the multi clustered brackets which is characterized by the luxurious and grandiose outward appearance. Enshrined inside the hall is Virocana Buddha, which is the Body of True Buddha. Behind this building on a hill is Daeungbojeon housing Sakyamuni Buddha attended on each side by Amitabha and Buddha of Medicine. In the center of the temple courtyard stands a 5-storied pagoda of Yuan influence, by Lama of Yuan, the ancient Chinese kingdom. The pagoda lacks s sense of stability because its capstone has almost the same breadth. Four Buddhas are carved on the surface of the body stone. The edges of the pagoda are decorated with a bronze miniature.
Donghaksa (Eastern Crane Temple)
Built by Ven. Hoehui in 724, it is located in the picturesque Gyeryongsan National Park, about 30Km south of Gongju. About 3Km entrance to the temple is a tunnel of cherry blossoms in the spring. Donghaksa, along with Unmunsa Temple in Cheongdo, is one of Korea's most famous female monks' academic centers specializing in Buddhist studies. Generally, there are about 150 female monks studying and practicing at the temple. The echoes of their voices reciting the sutras are a fascinating match to the sounds of the valley streams. The temple was at one time faced a shut down for Confucian school and reopened in 1836. The main building is enshrined with Sakyamuni attended on each side by Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Medicine) and Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life). You will never miss the doors to the main hall, which are carved with Pine, orchid, chrysanthemum, cranes, bamboo, and cherry blossoms. And to the right of the main temple is a Sukmojeon shrine built in 1456 for the deposed boy-king Danjong, whose throne had been usurped by his uncle. Donggyesa is a shrine dedicated to Park Jesang, a Silla patriot who saved king's brother from Japan. The Sameungak remains a shrine to the three Goryeo loyalists who served in the power transition period of 14th century. Just 2km north of the temple are the twin pagodas Nammaetap, at the site of Cheongnyangsa.
Yeongpyeongsa (Temple of Eternal Peace)
The temple is located on the slopes of Janggunsan in the east of Gongju. Yeongpyeongsa is a branch temple of Magoksa the 6th parish of the Jogye Order. The temple is said to have built in the mid Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). So it is relatively new temple. But the atmosphere around the temple is extremely calm and cherishes the natural beauty. Inside the main hall with a hipped-garbled roof is Sakyamuni Buddha in the center attended on each side by Amitabha and Bhaisajaraja. Two Bodhisattvas are Avalokitesvara and Ksitigarbha. Samsoenggak is a hall dedicated to the three spirits; Spirit of Mountain, Chiisong (refer to the 3-star or 7-star deity which rules the Pole Star and is another guise of the Lord of Heaven) and Dokseong, a mysterious figure of the Taoism. There are three small caves where the priests concentrate in meditation. Yeongpyeongsa is a tranquil place that captures the purity of the Buddhist practice, however, during two-week long Siberian chrysanthemum festival that falls in early October attracts huge number of visitors.
Anguksa
Located near Muju inside Jeoksang Mountain fortress that is on top of Jeoksangsan, the temple perhaps occupies one of the highest points of all temples in Korea. After completion of the temple in 1227 by Monk Wolin, the temple at one time served as a secret archives to store The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, which is now on the UNESCO world heritage list. And later in 1641, Royal genealogical records were kept in Seonwongak. Hoguksa Temple was also built at that time to accommodate monk soldiers to protect the archives. Due to the construction of hydro power plant, the temple was relocated on the site of Hoguksa in 1995. The temple's main worship hall, Geukrakjeon holds Amitabha in the center attended on each side by Avalokitesvara and Mahasthanmaprapta. The Buddhist painting, a 7.5m x 10.75m in size, depicts the meeting at Mount Grdhrakuta with Sakyamuni in the center attended by Manjusri, Samantabhadra, Avalokitesvara, Mahsthanmaprapta, an ancient Buddha who appeared in his stupa to hear Buddha preach the Lotus doctrine, and Amitabha. Other temple attractions include hall of 1,000 Buddhas, hall of Ksitigarbha, hall of three spirits, and Brahma bell pavilion. Adjacent is a dam, a 60.7m high and 287m long. The temple can be easily reached by vehicle along a paved road.
Bongeunsa
It is a 9 th century temple located in the heart of Gangnam area, one of the most prosperous districts in Korea. Surviving a long history of ups and downs, the Korean temples have suffered hardships during Joseon Kingdom (A.D. 1392-1910), which suppressed Buddhism in favor of Confucianism. Compared to other traditional temples that have three or four gates, such as the one-pillar gate, four guardians' gate, diamond gate and non-duality (or Jinyeo) gate, the temple lacks the other gates except for the Jinyeo gate. Korean temple structures are traditionally composed of a series of spaces divided by such gates, which provide visitors with the opportunity to experience hierarchical and procedural self-reflection leading to the desired destination. Jinyeo Gate, the main gate of Bongeun Temple.. Here, "Jinyeo'' means ultimate truth, so it is a gate leading to the Jinyeo world of the Buddha. The gate looks like a boundary between modern and ancient, noisy and calm, war and peace, separation and unity. The gate, unlike other traditional temples, has in it another one, the gate of Four Guardians. The guardians, whom Buddhists consider as protectors of the temple, used to be kings in heaven but became disciples of Buddha after being impressed by the Buddhist teachings. The wooden structure, Panjeon, literally ``the hall of Buddhist sutra blocks,'' was built to store the wooden blocks of 81 volumes of Avatamsaka sutra led by Ven. Yeonggi and calligrapher Chusa Kim Jeong-hee in 1855. The repository was a product of hi-tech science at that time and has already been proven to have surprising storing capability. Located on the left side of the Panjeon is the Bongeun Meditation Center, where monks practice sitting meditation. In a large hall each practitioner sits on a thick cushion with his or her body facing the wall. Today, Bongeun Temple has secured a high position in Korean Buddhism as a symbolic temple that provides a shelter for prayer and rituals for around 200,000 registered lay Buddhists, offering various relief work for the underprivileged, and representing Korean Buddhism to foreigners here and abroad. Bongeun Temple remained as "the capital temple of Seon Buddhist sect.
Golgulsa
About 20Km east of Gyeongju is Goluglsa founded by Indian Saint Gwang yu. The foundation of the temple dates back to Silla dynasty (BC57-AD935). There are about 12 caves of various sizes eaten into the face of a tall limestone cliff where during ancient times monks would come and meditate. Of the significant attraction is a 6 meter-tall Sakyamuni Buddha image carved at the top of the cliff, but little is known about when it was carved. Although the temple is relatively small, these days Gogulsa is doubly famous as being the only temple in Korea to house a Seonmudo or Zen Martial Arts training center. The training is composed of two kinds; still Zen-yoga or Zen-gigong and active Zen-gymnastics or Zen-martial arts. Golgulsa offers Templestay program that provides participants with a magnificent chance to relax, reflect and revitalize themselves in a tranquil environment. Major activities and program include: attending Buddhist ceremonial chanting services; Seon (Zen) meditation; a daily tea ceremony; a Buddhist meal with traditional bowls (on Sundays); community work around the temple grounds; 108 prostrations, a chance to reflect on your true nature; and finally training in Seon (Zen) yoga and Seonmudo, which is Zen Martial Arts.
Eunhaesa
Eunhaesa or the Temple of Silver Sea gets its name from the impression of a sparkling sea in Paradise and its majestic appearance making one feel a home to innumerable bodhisattvas and Lohans. It is the head temple of the 10th parish of Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. Nestled on the eastern slopes of Palgongsan in Yeongcheon, the temple has been a major Amitabha worship center. Founded by Hyecheol in 809, the temple flourished for many centuries under the name "Haeansa" (Tranquil Ocean Temple). But Hideyoshi invasion in the 16th century left a huge devastation to the temple. It was then moved to the present location and renamed Eunhaesa. The entrance gives a refreshing atmosphere with wonderful forest of pine trees that clears the mind and the body. You will see a large selection of calligraphy by Korea's most renowned calligrapher, Kim Jeonghee of the Joseon Dynasty on the several building panels; Belfry, Bohwaru, Bulgwanggak, and Illohanggak. But Daeungjeon panel is now stored in the temple's museum upon renaming the main worship hall. Inside the Geukrakjeon (Hall of Utmost Bliss) is enshrined with Amitabha Buddha flanked by Avalokitesvara and Mahasthamaprapta. Eight smaller hermitages attached to the temple is quite a hike, but worth a visit. Furthermore, following on its established history, the temple is known for its graduate school for monks. The temple offers Templestay program.
Jikjisa
It
was first built in 418 during the reign of Nulji (417-458) by monk Ado who first brought Buddhism to Silla. However, Buddhism was only fully accepted in about 527 after martyrdom of Lee Chadon. The temple sits on the foothills of mountain Hwangaksan, near Gimcheon city. Jikjisas temple originally consisted of 40 buildings. The most famous monk associated with this temple is Samyeong (1544-1610). He was orphaned at an early age and ordained at this temple at the age of 16. he then studied under master Seosan (1520-1604) in the Geumgangsan Mountain, now in north Korea. In the 16th century, both of them led an army to fight off the Japanese troops. Samyeong was sent to as an envoy to the Japanese court in 1604. Entering the one-pillared gate, there is the huge Four Guardians' Gate. On entering the compound, you can see two, 3 story pagodas dating back 8th century. Enshrined in the main hall are the triad of Sakyamuni Amitabha and Medicine Buddha. Inside the 1,000 Buddhas Hall are small white Buddha images, which were made from jade from Gyeongju during Joseon dynasty. Among the little statues, there is one of a naked baby and it is believed that, if you see it first, then you will have a good luck. Attached to the Avaloktesvara Hall is a memorial shrine for master Samyeong. And to the right is the Judgment Hall with its two rows of five kings of the hells. Each king is accompanied by three servants, and two guardians ward off evil by the door. There is a Disciples' Hall which contains some lovely images of the Buddha's enlightened followers. The most valuable object in Jikjisa is a granite statue of the Medicine Buddha. It dates from the Unified Silla period and scholars place it at the end of the 9th century. The right hand is placed on the right knee with the fingers in evil surrender position and left hand is holding a vessel containing medicine. Jikjisa also has a famous bell cast in 1713. On the upper part of the bell, the mantras for breaking the hells and Om Mani Banme Hum are inscribed.
Jangyuksa
Set in Yeongdoek, the temple is said to have been founded by Zen Buddhist Priest Naong in 1355. The temple has a cluster of buildings with a main hall which has a gabled-roof structure of a column-head bracketing style. Of the trinity inside the hall, Sakyamuni is in the center attended on each side by Manjusri and Samantabhadra. Wall painting behind them depicts the meeting at Mount Gardhrakuta with Sakyamuni in the middle, Bodhisattvas, four deva kings, eight disciples, eight Dharma protectors, four Buddhas, king and queen consort. On its ceiling and outside wall of the main worship hall are the paintings of Manjusri, Samantabhadra and Apsalas. In the Badhisattva hall is a seated Avalokitesvara, Goddess of Mercy, a rare example of image, the gold leafed surface gives it a grand appearance. Two attendants are Sagara Dragon king and Namsun Bodhisattva, Enshrined inside Hongryeoam are the portraits of three great priests, Jagong, Naong and Muhak. The spirit of mountain and lonely saint are also seen in the spirit hall. The belfry holds Brahma bell and drum.
Beopjusa
Located on Songnisan east of Daejeon, Beopjusa, The Dharma Staying temple, according to the temple records, was founded in 553 by priest Uisang. Songni means escape from the vulgar, and is the ideal spot to those wishing to escape from the drag of close urbanization. In the 12th century it is noted that the king gathered over 3,000 priests together to pray for the ailing national priest Uichon. The large iron pot of 2.7 meters in diameter on display at the temple may well have been used to feed this large gathering. There are three national treasures and numerous other cultural assets. The five-storied Palsangjon which was reconstructed in 1624, is a rare architectural structure of Buddhism. A caved lantern supported by twin stone lions standing face to face is a rare example of the magnificent sculpturing of the Unified Silla period. A stone water cistern shaped like an open lotus flower is considered unique for beauty and design. On the ground stands a huge statue of Maitreya Buddha. It is a 33 meters high Buddha made of 160 tons of copper. An excellent stone carved relief image called a Maebul can be seen near the entrance to the temple. Hiking trails are available leading to numerous hermitages and eventually the peak of Songnisan. About 2Km before the entrance to Beopjusa temple is a 600 year old pine tree near the road. The legend says that the branch of the tree cleared the passage so as for king Sejo to pass on his palanquin. Sejo became a king by usurping the throne from his 14 year old nephew, king Danjong. In old age, he suffered from a severe skin ailment and tried to find solace in the forest of Songnisan Mountain. One day he met a young woman here whose two boys called him grandfather. The woman was princess Uisuk, Sejo's daughter, who had to flee from her father because she had pleaded for the life of the murdered nephew. At this meeting, the king begged for forgiveness and invited his family back to the palace. The princess refused, saying that she preferred her simple life, and she later fled further south.
Gapsa
Located on the foot of Gyeryongsan about 19Km south of Gongju, the temple is famous for the numerous cultural treasures including the iron flag pole and its supporting pillars, the wood printing block of Worinseokbo, and the Gwaebultaenghwa Buddhist painting. Established in AD 420 by Monk Ado who is credited with having brought Buddhism to the Silla kingdom, Gapsa is said to be one of the oldest temples in the country, although the oldest of its current building dates to 1604. When you enter Gapsa, the first thing that will catch your eye is the temple's lecture hall. To one side of the hall is belfry, which houses the Brahma bell, Dharma drum, wooden fish and cloud-shaped gong. The main worship hall stands facing this lecture hall beside which stands three storied stone pagoda, Jinhaedang and Jeokmukdang buildings, both of which are designed for meditation. Pyochungwon is where portraits of the high priests Yeong-Gyu, Sa-Myeong, and Seo-San, who both served as monk-soldiers during the Japanese invasion (1592-1598) are kept. Palsanjeon is so named because Palsangdo, on which the life of Buddha was divided into eight parts and described with pictures, is preserved here.
Hwaeomsa
Nestled on the slopes of striking mountain Jirisan near Gurye, Hwaeomsa was built in 544 by master Yeongi. The temple is dedicated to Virocana Buddha, the cosmic head of the Hwaeom trinity, and is the most famous for Hwaeom Set of Buddhism which was introduced by priest Uisang. The name Hwaeomsa is taken from that of one of the most influential texts in the history of Korean Buddhism; the Avastamsaka Sutra, whose underlying theme is the universal oneness of all things. The first gate called Iljumun, a single pillar gate, is in the direct line with the second gate dedicated to the Bodhisattva Manjusri and Samantabhadra, one riding a lion and the other an elephant. When you pass this gate, you will first notice two magnificent stone pagodas. East five-story pagoda is decoratively simple compared to others, featuring a single step base. Each level features a simple single stone body and roof. West five-story pagoda is an ornate late unified Silla work that features such reliefs at the 12 guardians of the healing Buddha, eight guardian deities, and the guardians of the four directions. Another flight of steps leads you to the upper level occupied by Gakhwangjeong, Daewungjeon, and a number of small halls. Inside Gakhwangjeon, Sakyamuni Buddha sits in the middle accompanied by Amitabha and Prabhytaratna, as well as Avalokitesvara, Samantabhadra, Manjusri, and Ksitigarbha. A 6.4m tall magnificent stone lantern and an impressive stone pagoda supported by four fierce looking lions adorn this hall. The octagonal base is unusual for united Silla lanterns, and the many other unique features include a bulge support. Its size hints at the scale of the prior building before its destruction. Avstamsaka Sutra was carved on granite plates on the walls surrounding Gakhwangjeon, but most of them were destroyed by Hideyoshi invasion. The temple is laid out in an unusual manner to its tradition. Usually, Daewungjeon is the hall for Sakyamuni and the largest structure at the temple, however, Daewungjeon is dwarfed by massive Gakhwangjeon and is enshrined with Virocana Buddha.
Behind the main hall stands three-story stone pagoda dating to Silla period. The pagoda is supported by four lions, with the figure of a Buddhist nun between them holding a lotus. Reliefs along the base include the Guardians of the four directions, Indra and Brahma. Though difficult to discern, the faces of each lion portray a different expression representing the four basic life emotions of joy, anger, love and sorrow. The base is decorated with twelve relief devas playing musical instruments. At the center of these lions stands a human figure with hands held to his chest. There are numerous other designs etched
onto this pagoda. And
just in front of this pagoda is the equally unique stone lantern with a squatting
figure at the centre of its base. Some have suggested that this is the founder of the
temple kneeling in obedience to his mother. Hwaeomsa temple was reconstructed in 1630 by priest Pyoam. His memorial tablet is seen in front of the temple. The main hall was only reconstructed in 1703.
Ssanggyesa
Ssanggye literally means Twin-Streams Monastery. Built by the monks Ven. Daebi and Ven. Sambeop in 722, the temple is well known as the origin of Beompae (Buddhist ceremonial music and dance) and many practicing artists. It is located in a picturesque southern foot of Jirisan setting with a large array of buildings and treasures. On the east side of the main worship hall is a large rock Maehbul, a unique image of Buddha engraved in a hollowed out section of rock. Palyeongru is where many musicians were trained by Meditation-master Jinam who created Beompae and also wrote a song with 8 notes about fish and mountains. The temple is where tea was first grown in Korea. In the early 9th century, Great Monk Ven. Jingam Guksa (774-850) created green tea fields on Mount Jirisan. The area has since been known for producing traditional green tea. The temple was lost during the Japanese invasion in the 16th century and what stand today are the restored remains of the temple.
Geumsansa
Built in 539 by master Jinpyo, a preceptor of Buddhist ordinances and the founder of Beopsang Buddhist sect, it was gravely expanded in 766. Geumsansa is a main temple for practicing the Maitreya faith during the Unified Silla period (668-935). Maitreya hall dating back to 1635 conjures up the images of past eras. Enshrined in the hall is a huge Maitreya Buddha. Maitreya is refining his bodhisattva practice in Tusita but will come down to earth in the future and become a Buddha. He is attended by Dharma Flower Grove Bodhisattva on his left and Great Wonderful Aspect Bodhisattva on his right. The building appears to have 3 stories when seen from the outside, but it actually has no divisions between floors, and is one open space in the inside. The eaves of each floor are double-layered and the brackets are multi-clustered. It is a focal point of the temple, making it unique among Korean Buddhist halls. Daejeokgwanjeon is a hall for Buddhist ceremonies as ordination, as well as open lectures on Buddhist teachings. Enshrined inside are Virocana in the middle attended by Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life) and Sakyamuni on its left and Nosana (Buddha of Transformation) and Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Medicine) on its right along with 6 other Bodhisattvas. On the temple courtyard, there is a small sculpture of a bud positioned on the top removed is on display, but the function or purpose for the relic remains unknown. There stands a small hexagonal multi-stored pagoda made of black-and-white clay slate. It is a very unusual, yet elegant looking stone pagoda currently having 11 stories beside which displays a finely detailed lotus-shaped pedestal on top of its surface is cut made from one piece of stone. Two square holes are incised into the top which are believed to have accommodated an image of the Buddha. Floral patterns are embossed on the middle belt, the hexagon belt on the bottom-belt, the back of the lotus flower are embellished like a ripple and beside. A 5 story pagoda from Goryeo period stands at 7.5m near Maitreya hall. It is relatively large in size, but has a simple appearance. The stylobate has two stories, and an upper-center platform. Other cultural assets include stone lantern that stands at 128 ㎝, having the lower and upper pedestals are round in shape, and each have 8 lotus petals engraved on the surface. And a stone stupa that holds the remains of the monk. Images of Buddha and guardians are carved into the faces of the outer stones of both the upper and lower stylobates.
Naesosa
Nestled quietly in the south of Buan, Naesosa
was built by monk Hyeguduta in 663, and repaired in 1633 and 1869. Its original name was Sorae temple, but was changed to Naesosa in the late 16th century. At Naesosa temple entrance, fir trees stand tall providing a tunnel leading to the Buddha's world. The main worship hall is enshrined with Amitabha Buddha on center attended on each side by Mahathamaprapta. And the Bodhisattva painting is the largest of its kind in Korea. Make sure to check latticed door of lotus and chrysanthemum pattern out. Unlike most of Korean temples, it is less colorful, mostly bare wood, with a few faded murals on the ceiling and beams inside the temple. The Brahma bell that was cast in 1222 is a rare example of beautiful craftsmanship. This 103Cm high, 67Cm wide and 420Kg weigh bell has a hanging ring with a carved dragon and triad Buddha statue is engraved on the center. On the courtyard stands three storied stone pagoda that is supported by one stone on every floor of the main portion. The pillars are carved on each side. The higher it is, the more drastically it diminished giving it a sharp impression. There is an eye catching tree, a 1000-year-old Zelkova, People use to come to the foot of this tree and pray under it. Naesosa is an immensely tranquil place. Nothing is out of place, nothing is hurried or loud, everything moves on slowly, steadily, towards no specific end. Timeless is too brief for this place. Naesosa is also popular with the 18th century Tanka painting in which Shakyamuni is on center with four Bodhisattvas, Daboyeorae and Amitabhayeorae on both sides.
Seonunsa
The temple literally means Temple of Meditation in Cloud - the place where an ascetic devotee practices Zen meditation with the evening cloud which dwells in the blazing red of the setting sun. Located in the west of Gochang, the temple is famous for worship of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, who is one of the several Bodhisattvas who are revered by Korean Buddhists. The temple was built by venerable monk Geomdan in 577 and rebuilt over the times. The temple has a cluster of treasured buildings Daeungbojeon, Manseru, Yeongsanjeon, and Myeongbujeon Pavilions, together with four additional Buddhist hermitages including Dorsolam.
The main prayer hall was once enshrined with five Buddhas (Amitabha, Shakaymuni, Vairocana, Dharmakaya and Bhaisaiyaguru) and six Bodhisattvas (Mahathamaprapta, Avalokitesvara, Manusri, Samantabhadra, Surya Prabha and Candra Prabha). The statues were, however, lost during the Hideyoshi invasion, and survived are Vairocana and his two attendants, Bhaisayaguru and Amitabha.
A 129Cm-tall bronze bell that is decorated with lotus blossoms, bodhisattva images and Sanskrit characters feature a graceful art craft.
Manseru is a lecture hall used by student monks. Many of its wooden columns and beams retain its original shape, and hence the delightfully simple of the nature. Six-story pagoda was originally a nice-story structure. The foundation stones are erected within a square basal structure, and each story has a square body on top of which consists of an inverted bowl and treasure canopy with octagonal corner flowers. In particular, the temple is also very popular for its camellia blossom.
Jeondeungsa
The first temple was built on the site in 381. The present day Main Hall dates back to 1855 and is a reconstruction of a hall which was completed in 1621. This is a temple which tells the story of sweet revenge. Jeondeungsa is a temple on Ganghwado Island, west of Seoul. It was well known as the sanctuary to which Korean kings and their courts fled to take refuge from the numerous Mongol and Chinese invasions. Jeondeungsa dates from the time of the 25th Goryeo king, Chungyeol. The king had two wives. The first wife was Chinese, a daughter of Khan. The second was Korea, Queen Cheonghwa. Because Queen Cheonghwa was jealous of the favor shown to her Chinese counterpart, she was imprisoned. In her loneliness, she was drawn to the temple, then known as Chinjongsa. She offered a beautiful jade lamp to the temple in 1282 from which the name "Temple of the Donated Lamp" or Jeondeungsa came. It is a shrine to Sakyamuni Buddha. The Buddha is flanked on the left by Manjusrir, the Bodhisattva of Perfect Wisdom, and on the right by Samantabhadra, the Bodhisattva of Perfect Compassionate Action. As you approach the hall, look carefully way up in the eaves at the corners of the roof, and there you can just see tiny human figures, one at each corner. When the hall was being built, it is said, a carpenter was hired. He stayed in the village next to the liquor shop. There he fell in love with the daughter of the owner of the shop but, as he was poor, he could only marry the girl when the hall was completed. Eventually the carpenter was paid and he set off to claim his bride. The girl took the money and ran away with her other love. The forsaken carpenter carved his two-timing girl up in the rafters, eternally bearing the burden of her deceitfulness. A bell in a pavilion was cast in China in 1097 during the Northern Sung Period is the only Chinese bell designated a Korean treasure. This temple is a very locale where the famous Tripitaka Koreana were carved and stored. Today, 104 woodblocks are still kept here. They are kept in the Main Hall to the right of the Buddha. Other important shrines are Medicine Buddha Hall, a small building housing three of the traditional gods, and a shrine to the ten kings and the Bodhisattva.
Yongjusa
Originally the temple had been constructed by priest Yomgu in 854 and then enlarged in 952. Yongjusa is the result of a son's longing for his dead father and a tribute to filial piety. When the father of King Jeongjo (rule : 1776-1800) died, the king could not forget him. One day, he heard a lecture on the Parental Benevolence Sutra, a text which explains the debt that children have to their parents. He decided to rebuild Galyangsa in memory of his father and move his father's tomb there. In 1911 the temple was made one of the 25 main temples of the Korean Buddhist Jogye Order. The monks' training school was established in 1955 and the meditation center was built in 1969. Yongjusa is unusual in many respects. The gates are patterned after the royal ancestors' shrine and not after a normal temple. Also, as in a palace, the pillars are made of stone, not of wood, and some of the buildings are in palace style. The Main Hall enshrines three Buddhas. Sakyamuni, the Historical Buddha, is in the middle flanked by Medicine Buddha to the east and Amitabha, the Buddha of the Western Paradise to west. Behind the statues is the only western-style picture in a temple in Korea. It is painted in very unusual perspective. The canopy over the statues is very delicately and finely carved. Below it are five dragons in the clouds with the sun and a phoenix. On either side there are celestial beings as well. The copper bell of Yongjusa is very special. It is presumed to have been cast in the early 10th century, during the Goryeo Dynasty, because of the style of the dragon. Silla bells have a dragon holding the bell with two legs. In Yongjusa, the dragon is holding the bell up with just one leg. Behind the hall, there is an unusual five-story stupa dedicated to Ksitigarbha, the Bodhisattva who helps those in trouble. This stupa was also built for King Jeongjo's father.
Baekdamsa
The temple was first built in 647 and suffered numerous fires and reconstructions. The temple standing now was built in 1957. Many famous philosophers and monks visited and meditated at Baekdamsa, Han Yong-un (1879-1944) being one of them. A poet, independence fighter and a monk, Han studied and meditated at Baekdamsa. The temple is also known as the so-called "exile'' of former President Chun Doo-hwan during the late 1980s. The temple's name has been changed many times such as Woonhungsa, Simwonsa, Seongusa and Yeongchuisa. Baekdamsa was named in 1457. According to the legend, the name of Baekdamsa was originated from its foundation on Daecheong, the summit of Mt. Seorak where there used to be one hundred pools. Due its isolated location in the deep of the inner Seorak, the temple became a popular retreat where monks practiced asceticism. Seeing the temple nestled between majestic mountains and surrounded by fog and forests was like soothing balm to your tired nerves. Walking on the bridge, decorated with Lotus lanterns, you are taking a step from the stressful world to the serenity of nature and Buddhism. At present, there are six halls; Main Hall, the Dharma Flower House, Avatamsa Garland House, Arahants Hall, Manhae Education Hall, Manhae Research Hall, Avalokitesvara Hall and Hall of Mountain God.
Woljeongsa
Woljeongsa was built in 645 by priest Jajang. It is said that priest Jajang chanted before a stone statue of the Bodhisattva beside a pond, hoping to fulfill his long-cherished wish to see Manjusri Bodhisattva. On the seventh night of his religious practice he had a dream in which the Buddha gave him a poem of four lines in Sanskrit. Next day, a monk came and remarked that the caster looked pale and troubled. Priest Jajang explained that he had received a verse he could not understand. The mysterious monk explain the verse and then told the priest to go to Odeasan in Silla and that there he would find 10,000 Manjusris, After seven more days of chanting, a dragon appeared who told him that the old monk had been Manjusri and that now he must go and build a temple to the Bodhisattva. In 643, Jajang reached Odaesan, but the mountain was so veiled in fog that he could not see anything. During the three days that he waited he stayed in an thatched hut-much later, this hut became Woljeongsa. Many priests stayed here for different lengths of time until finally a temple was built. Burned down and rebuilt a number of times. Enshrined in the Main Hall is a statue of Sakyamuni, but the more important statue is a Bodhisattva, 1.8 meters high, probably a Medicine Bodhisattva. Said to have been found in the Diamond Pond to the south of the temple, the statue is offering something. The head is covered with a hat, the face is long and the ears are slightly hidden by long hair. Around the neck there are three lines which are so beautifully carved hat they look like necklaces. The elbow is resting on the head of a young boy. Because of its unusual style, the statue is thought to have been carved in the 11th century by craftsmen belonging to a special sect. Next to the Bodhisattva is an octagonal nine-story pagoda which stands 15.2 meters high and is representative of the many-angled, many-storied stupas of the Goryeo Period.
Sinheungsa
Sinheungsa is the main temple of the area known as Outer Seoraksan Mountain. The temple is remarkable for its constant changing over the centuries; the temple changed position, name, and the school of Buddhism to which it adhered. Sinheungsa once stood where the Kensington Hotel stand today. It was founded by priest Jajang in 652 and was burned down in 699. Master Uisang rebuilt the temple three years later on its present site. Once more destroyed in 1642, only three monks remained.
At the entrance is a huge Syakamuni Buddha sitting on the pedestal of the 16 statues of Arhats who attained eight emancipations are carved, with a big, generous smile that looks down on visitors. The main worship hall Geukrakbojeon, the hall of pure land of ultimate bliss, is enshrined with Amitabha buddha accompanied by Avalokiteshvara bodhisattva, and Mahasthmaprapta bodhisattva, and has an octagonal roof, three front rooms, and two side rooms. The canopy over the statue is the octagonal treasure type structure carved with a dragon. The Judgment Hall is dedicated to the benevolent Ksitigarbha, the Bodhisattva who cares those in trouble. Behind the statue is a painting showing the Bodhisattva and the ten kings. The shrine to the indigenous gods, between the Main Hall and the Judgment Hall, contains a picture of the Sansin, a mountain god usually pictured with a tiger, and he is particularly remembered after any large ceremony because everyone is grateful for being able to have the temple built on the mountain. Dokseong, the Lonely Hermit, is actually more Buddhist in origin and represents the sole practitioner. Chilseong, the Big Dipper, controls human life expectancy and women who had just given birth traditionally offered a skein of thread to Chilseong as a symbol of their hope for longevity for their baby. In Sinheungsa, Chilseong is surrounded by the sun and the moon, seven stars, the priest of the South Polar star and lots of heavenly beings. A 4.3m-tall 3-story pagoda demonstrates the traditional style of the Silla period. Originally a nine-story stone tower made of granite, only three stories remain. In the surrounding mountains there are some interesting hermitages, some of which partly date back to the time of Priest Jajang.
Naksansa
It was founded Priest Uisang in 671. The temple occupies the hilly terrain by Naksa beach. The recently built Main Hall is a splendid tribute to Avalokitesvara. Exquisitely decorated, the hall is full of statues of the Bodhisattva in various poses. There you can see many forms that Avalokitesvara takes and appreciate the skill of Korean woodcarving. In spite of its continued destruction and reconstruction, a few ancient objects remain. The Arched Gate, built in 1466, is believed to have been built with 26 stones, each of which was contributed by one of the magistrates governing the 26 towns of the area. There is a fine 6.2 meter-tall seven-story stone pagoda that is also believed to have been erected in the 15th century. The body and roof of each story is the made of a single stone. It is well preserved, especially in that it has an intact finial consisting of an inverted bowl, a wheel and a bijou on a bronze staff, resembling these of Tibetan style pagodas found in Yuan, China. The adobe well surrounding the Main Hall is highly regarded for the designs used in its creation. Only part of it is original, the rest has been restored. The bronze bell is dated 1469. The Bodhisattvas, the pattern of lotus petals and waves on the body of the bell and the twin dragons on the top have all been beautifully cast. Nearby is a pond full of water lilies at the right time of year. Built against the cliff beside a rocky cave, Hongryeonam or Red Lotus Hermitage is known as a small sanctuary. Under the floor there is a small hole, through which you can see the surging waves constantly and mercilessly crushing into the rock. Uisangdae is a pavilion built on top of a cliff by the sea, where Ui-Sang used to sit and meditate. The sunrise from Uisangdae is absolutely spectacular.
Sangwonsa
Sangwonsa
was founded in AD 705 by two Silla princes, Bocheon and Hyomyeong.
Nestled on the half way up the Odaesan, commending a fine clear view, in Pyeongchang, it is one of five temples in Korea keeping the Sarira, the holy relics of Buddha. A little further on from the parking, you will hardly miss a mushroom shaped stone on top of which the King Sejo would hang his royal garments when he took baths. Later, you will also see three stupas containing the ashes of the priests; Hanam, Tanheo, and Manhwa, on one side of the path leading to the temple. Sangwonsa is closely related to King Sejo of Joseon dynasty. King Sejo who had dethroned his young nephew, King Danjong and ascended to the throne was seized with a strange disease and had a boil on all over the body.
But having a mysterious encounter with Manjusri, a Bodhisattva of wisdom, he was cured. After that, the king had the image of Munsudongja (Child figure of Manjusri) carved which is still kept at Manjusri hall along with Manjusri Bodhisattva, and Dongjin Bodhisattva. And in front of this hall stands two cats carved out of a stone that is said to have saved the king. Cheongryangsenwon is a Zen meditation hall, and Yeongsanjeon hall stores a valuable set of wooden printing blocks. Of the significant cultural asset of Sangwonsa is a bronze bell of 91cm diameter dating to AD 725 which is now hung in the Dongjeonggak. It is believed to be the oldest and most elegant of Korean Buddhist bell. On the top, the hook of the bell is carved in the shape of a dragon with a large head and strong claws. Wide bands around the rim and shoulder, and below the shoulder band, and four panels each containing nipple-like lotus flowers in high relief around the bell. The bands and the frames of the panels are bordered with pearl patterns and decorated with vine patterns with several music playing figures. Sets of two apsaras (heavenly maidens) are kneeling on clouds and playing musical instruments carved in two face places around the center. The hitting points are marked with a lotus petal design. The faces and flapping robes of the apsaras between striking points well reflect the realistic sculpturing of Buddhist artists of the early eighth century. The Jeokmyeolbogung or literally a Treasure Palace of Nirvana is a sacred reliquary of Sarira, the relics of Buddha, which was brought from China by Jajang. The reach to the hall is quite a trek, but worth a visit.
Buseoksa
Buseoksa, temple on the floating stone, was built by priest Uisang in 676. The temple stands at the eastern slopes of Sobaeksan national park in the north of Yeongju. The Main Hall enshrines Amitabha. Originally built in 676, the present structure dates to 1376 and is one of the oldest wooden buildings in Korea. The foundation is of granite. The columns supporting the roof are fitted with brackets which are actually amazingly simple. The hipped-and-gabled roof is in perfect proportion to the body of the building, giving the hall a unique feeling. The Amitabha, Buddha of the Western Paradise or Buddha of Infinite Life,
is enshrined on the western altar inside the Main Hall. Buddha is made of clay and 278Cm in height behind of which round halo measures 380Cm in height. It is seated with the cross-legged lotus posture and with the earth-touching and evil-expelling hand gesture. The statue has a large usnia (a protuberance on top of the head symbolizing supreme wisdom), a well-rounded face, two long ears and three folds on the neck. To the left of the Main Hall, at the bottom of a steep bluff, lies the legendary floating stone. To the right of the stone is a three-story pagoda behind which is a pavilion dedicated to the Chinese girl who, in the form of a dragon, helped Master Uisang. In the front of the Main Hall stands the 9th century stone lantern, which is known as one of the most beautiful lanterns made during Unified Silla period. The octagonal base of the pedestal is decorated with inverted lotus petals and flowers. Above it, the rectangular pedestal, which serves as the base of the light chamber, is decorated with upturned lotus petals. The Bodhisattvas carved in relief on the four sides of the light chamber are considered superb examples of sculptural work. Josadang, a hall for portraits of great masters, lies 100 meters to the northeast of the Main Hall. The building's original frescoes of guardians and gods are the best existing examples of Goryeo Dynasty wall paintings and are currently being kept in a separate place for safe-keeping. Buseoksa has many treasures: the flagpole supports; the Goryeo wood-blocks; the Budo, conical stone object in which the remains of famous monks are kept; the two stone pagodas; and the monument to Priest Wonyung, are only some of the wonderful objects which have survived Korea's turbulent history.
Silleuksa
Located 75km southeast of Seoul by the South Han river , and about 15 minutes away from the Moga museum is the Silleuksa temple. Built in the Silla dynasty, the temple later became the royal memorial temple for the king and the royal family. The 7-story pagoda is the only brick pagoda from the Goryeo Dynasty that still exists today (918-1392) that makes this temple famous. According to the legend, people on either side of the South Han River were being tyrannized by a dragon-horse who lived on an island in the middle of the river. Priest Naong put a magical bridle over it and tamed the wild animal. Therefore the temple came to be called 'Divine Bridle' The tomb of King Sejong was moved to Yeoju in 1469 and it was decided that Silleuksa would become the royal memorial temple for the king and the royal family, the temple was extensively restored in 1472 when about 200 rooms were repaired or built. After that many Confucian scholars passed time at the temple until the 16th century Japanese and 17th century Chinese invasions which left most of the temple in ruins. The final rebuilding was in 1928. The Main Hall is a Paradise Hall enshrining Amitabha Buddha, Samantabhadra, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. The calligraphy board which hangs there is the writing of Priest Naing and it says 'Hundreds of Millions of Years'. On the left wall there is a painting of Ksitigarbha with entourage and on the back wall is an altar for death and memorial ceremonies. Above the table there is a picture of Ch'ilsong, the Seven Buddhas. One more picture shows the guardian of the Buddha's teachings, Shinch'ung, ministers and officials. Especially beautiful is the Judgment Hall with Ksitigarbha and the ten kings. Attending the kings are various servants and behind them are the pictures of the different hells with their tortures. In the compound of the house where the head monk lives, there is a special trestle garden which dates from 1468. Also in the same compound there is a statue of Priests Muhak and Chigong. Muhak was an advisor of Yi Taejo, who founded the Joseon Dynasty. Yi Taejo moved the capital to Seoul according to advice from Priest Muhak, who was a famous geomancer. Priest Chigong was an Indian monk who, Tibetan monks believe, was an incarnation of a Tibetan Lama. He came to Korea in 1328. To the east of the monastery is a hill on which is a seven-story, brick pagoda which is 9.4 meters high and is the only existing Goryeo brick pagoda. It was erected in honor of the famous monk Wonhyo, who visited Silleuksa. The base is granite impressed floral decorations.
Guinsa
The temple, seated in a scenic grove on mountain Sobaeksan, was built in 1945 as the headquarters of the Cheontae sect of Korean Buddhism. Cheontae is the word for Heavenly Terrace, and is the school based on the study and practice laid down in the Lotus Sutra. Although the school had been amalgamated with others long ago, it experienced a revival around 1945. The name of the temple, Guinsa, is rooted in one of the Buddhist tenets, the salvation of mankind. The main teaching of the temple is aimed at showing people how to find Buddhahood in everyday life. Resident members of the temple work during the daytime to make the temple self-sufficient and devote themselves to ascetic practices at night. The temple has 50 buildings. It can accommodate about 10,000 people and its additional field kitchen can feed 6,000 people.
Donghwasa
It is located about 22Km away from Daegu on the southern slopes of Palgonsan. The first temple named Yugasa was built in 493 by Geukdal. The temple was then given its current name when it was rebuilt in 771 by Simji. From this time on, it has remained one of the country's most significant temples along with Gatbawi, the famous and highly venerated seated stone Buddha. The temple at one time was one of only four temples which administered the civil service examination for monks. Buddhists were out of power during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), but the temple retained a great deal of influence. Donghwasa is a cluster of buildings around a central courtyard with the main worship hall facing the center. The main sanctum of the temple is a structure with a hipped and gabled roof and eaves bracketed in multi-cluster. Enshrined in the hall is Sakyamuni in the center attended on each side by Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Medicine) and Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life). Above the complex is a giant white marble statue - The unification Great Medicine Buddha. Other cultural properties include a pair of three-story stone pagodas in Geumdangam, a seated stone Vairocana Buddha statue in Biroam, another three-story stone pagoda, a seated Buddha carved on a rock ace, flagpole supports, and a stupa. There are numerous hermitage sites scattered throughout the forest near Donghwasa, and many Buddhist images engraved on rocks.
Pyochungsa
Located about 20 kilometers east of Milyang, Pyochungsa (Temple of Foremost Patriotism) was first established by Wonhyo in 654 under the name of Jungnimsa, and later it was rebuilt at present location by Hwangmyeon in 857. The temple is unique in its layout and has two realms; Confucian Shrine Academy and Buddhist Temple by the gate of four deva king's - a rare example of two different beliefs coexist in harmony. Past through the One-pillared gate, you will first see Suchungru gate, a double-storied structure serving a main gate of the temple. Entering the gate you will soon encounter with Pyochung Seowon, which faced an abolition edict of the royal court in the turbulent year of 1871 and was restored in 1927. Today, although the educational function of the facility has long since ceased, the commemorative ceremonies for three great monks; Soesan, Samyeong and Giheodang who fought against Hideyoshi Invasion have been and are still held twice a year. The main building, Daegwangjeon, is enshrined with Sakyamuni at the center franked on each side by Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Medicine) and Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life). Naban, expected to offer happiness to the sentient beings, Lonely Sage, and the Spirit of Mountain are enshrined in two different halls under one roof. Of the temple's significant monument is Pyochungbi, which was erected to extol and revere the patriotic deeds of Great Master Samyeongdang. The monument has been reported to drip sweat whenever serious national affairs or disasters befall the nation, as if predicting them. Some of the examples include 1894 Gabo Reforms, 1910 Japanese Annexation, 1919 Independence Movement, 1945 Independence, and 1950 Korean War. In addition, the temple houses Confucian shrine, museum, weathered stone pagoda and lantern, and number of halls making it a great temple.
Yongmunsa (Namhae)
It is one of three major temples of Ksitigarbha worship. Little is known about its foundation, but presumably from early 9th century. Nestled on southern slopes of Hogusan in Namhae, the temple boasts many cultural assets. When you enter one pillared gate, there is a small bridge called Cheonwanggyo beside which stands small hall holding an old wooden totem pole that once stood in the temple. Cheonwanggak, a hall dedicated to four Heavenly Kings, is unique and a corrupt official replaces the evils. Past the gate stands Bongseoru serving main entrance to the temple and lecture hall. Inside the hall displays the 16th century wooden trough that may well had been used to feed 1,000 people. In the nearby belfry holds four Dharma instruments. The main hall has a hipped and garbled roof in the profusely bracket style. The most unique figure of this sanctuary is the exquisitely detailed decoration. The dragon head found on the upper portion of the front central pillar look very elaborate and vivid. The inner supports have floating clouds and lotus flowers carving spreading toward the center making an even more splendid and ambience. In addition, realistic dragon heads on the cross-beam makes it seem as if there are several dragons flying around the ceiling of the hall. The Buddha in the center is Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life) entirely made of wood attended by Avalokitesvara and Mahasthanmaprapta. The painting behind them depicts the meeting at the Mount Grdhrakuta; with Sakyamuni in the center surrounded by Manjusri, Samantabhadra, Mahsthanmaprapta, Meitreya, Dipamkara, Avalokitesvara, and Ksitigarbha, 10 disciples, 4 deva kings, 4 Vajra gods. The bronze bell displayed in the hall dates to Joseon period. Other hall in the temple includes Jijangjeon where Ksitigarbha is attended by 10 judges of the afterlife. Common to most temples, there are halls of Buddha's disciples, and Three Spirits. Trekking to the peak of Hogusan is a worthwhile and it commands fine vista of archipelago. Yongmunsa offers Templstay program.
Bulhoesa
Located on the foothill of Deokryongsan near Naju, it was built by Indian priest Maranata in 655. Its original name was Bulhosa (Buddha's Protection Temple), but renamed Bulhoesa (Buddha's Gathering Temple) after restoration during the late Joseon period (1392-1910). Passing the one-pillar gate, you will first notice humorous looking stone totems who have watched visitors to the temple for 300 years. At the main entrance, two gates; Jinyeomun and Cheonwangmun standing together under which a small creek flowing, a unique architectural design that can be seen rarely. Inside the Main Buddha Hall with a hipped-gabled roof is a seated Vairocana Buddha in the center attended on both side by standing Bodhisattvas; Avalokitesvara and Mahathamaprapta. The statue of the main Buddha is made of paper, then varnished with lacquer, and finally finished with gold leaf. Bulhoesa is not a large temple, consisting of Main Buddha Hall, and several other buildings. But the temple gives a sense of stability, and the narrow entrance road shows the artless beauty of nature. A walk through a wood is so refreshing in summer. There is another cozy forest nearby, which is full of fir trees, nutmeg trees, and Japanese cedars.
Unmunsa
Quietly nestled in a basin surrounded by hills and some very steep and high mountains, Unmunsa (Temple of Cloud Gate) is the largest ordained women's training center in Korea. About 250 students regularly follow a four year course in Buddhism. They learn the classic texts, Chinese characters and how to live ordained Buddhist lives. In addition they have classes in a wide range of modern subjects. The nunnery is entirely self-sufficient with no dependency on laypeople or outsiders. These women come out as dharma warriors, very strong from the rigorous discipline. Unmunsa with its four hermitages; Sariam, Naewonam, Bukdaeam and Cheongsinam is a large complex of worship halls, nuns' quarters, study and meditating buildings and special temple shrine structures all about the grounds, plus the necessary utilitarian buildings. This ancient temple features seven treasured artifacts. The 258 centimeter high octagonal stone lantern decorated with eight lotus petals shows a balanced beauty and features graceful sculptures. The 9th century three storied stone pagoda is engraved on every story of the platform. The images of the Eight Guardian Deities in sitting position, in particular, are engraved at the top story of the platform. The core stone has the pillar-pattern engraved in the corner. The roof stone keeps the eaves horizontal as being held by the five-layer strut. Other valuable assets include 12th century Seated stone Buddha, which is 2.3 meters high and 0.9 meters wide, that represents the refined skills of craftsmen, a hand bell in a square shape with four faces swelled in a round form on the whole, and the pillars of four deva king's gate. There is a famous tree, which is said to have grown up from a branch planted by a passing monk. About 500 years old pine, which is 6 meter tall and has a girth of 2.9 meter, drooping its braches downwards is really visual.
Sudeoksa
According to temple records, Sudeoksa was founded by priest Sungje in the late Baekje period (B.C 18 - A.D 668). There is also another record which states that the temple was founded by one priest Chimying in 599. The temple has had many famous priests living and teaching in it. Gyongho (1849-1912), a well-known present-day priest, lived here. He was ordained quite young and when he was 31, while on his way to Seoul, he saw many dead people form a recent cholera epidemic. This changed his life and he practiced hard and attained true understanding. Another personality connected with the history of the temple was a nun called lryop (1986-1971), a famous writer who lived in a hermitage. One of the main temples of Korea, where there is a comprehensive training center comprised of a meditation hall, a monks' college and a center for studying monks; rules, Sudeoksa also has a Panjang, a Spiritual Priest. There are five of these specially-selected priests in Korea at any one time. The Main Hall is a shrine to an important triad. It was built in 1308 and it is nothing short of a miracle that the building has stood through successive invasions in which everything of any value seems to have been destroyed everywhere in the country. The beauty of this building derives from the balance of the whole design. Its history and style have caused it to be regarded as a masterpiece of Goryeo Dynasty architecture. In the hall are three Buddhas representing some of the main features of Buddhism. Sakuamuni is the Historical Buddha, the original teacher. Amitabha is the Buddha of Infinite life, and Bhaisagyaguru is the Medicine Buddha, the Universal Healer. On the back wall of the hall is a painting of Ksitigarbha and the judgment kings and to the right there is another painting of the gods who are indigenous to Korea. In front of the Main Hall stands a beautifully-balanced Goryeo period pagoda, an elegant 4.1 meter-high 3 storied stone pagoda. The stylobate is comprised of two steps and the upper section is composed of a frontal stone by four pieces of stones. The roof stone and body stone are made of one rock respectively. There is a five-step roof stone on the first story and three-steps on the second and the third. About 15 minutes' walk up the mountain, on the way to Cheonghyesa, a small temple above Sudeoksa, there is a ten-meter-tall granite statue of Maitreya, the Future Buddha. It has a double Korean cylindrical hat, a coat reaching down to the ankles and an imposing attitude in the expression carved on its face. Nearby is the stupa erected by the disciples of Mangong in memory of their priest. It is considered unusual because it has a large spherical stone on the top. There is an inscription on the stupa which reads "The whole world is a single flower."
Tapsa
At the turn of the century, Buddhist layman Yi Gabyong built about 80 stone pagodas over a period of 30 years under a cliff of the Southern part of Maisan Mountain. He gathered stones from all over Korea for the pagodas, some of which are 10 meters tall. Adhering to strict asceticism and living on raw herbs and pine needles, he piled up stones day after day. They are so solidly placed that years of wind and storms have failed to destroy any of the pagodas. Most of them were piled up only with native stones, except a few remain pagodas such as Cheonjitap to which a couple of stones carried from the other part of Korea were added, to be in harmony with their spiritual energies. He applied the principles of Yin Yang, the cosmic dual forces. Using this method, stones are first laid in a circular configuration before placing additional stones inside this circle. More stones are then placed in position to form a conical pyramid with his utmost sincerity and dexterity. The style of pagoda is unusual and quiet different from that of the stone pagodas seen in other temples. A legend of Tapsa says that if one changes the water in the bowl offered to the Buddha inside the temple in winter, a mysterious 10-15 centimeter long icicle will spring up from the bowl.
Seonggoksa
Located on Gobulsan Mountain in Gongju, an ancient capital of Baekje, the temple houses one of the largest seated bronze Buddha in Korea. It is flanked by 1,000 smaller gilded bronze Buddhas. the 200 meter long path up the mountain is lined by 333,333 stone Buddhas. They portray the image of the Buddha t eaching the Saddharma-Pundarika Sutra, a major Mahayana text, to the many monks and other followers on Vultures Peak over 2,500 years ago. Vultures peak is a site on the edge of one of the many hills surrounding Rajigir Gihar state in northern India. The crystal clear Geumgang river meanders along the white sandy plain and between the green fields at the foot of the mountain.
Silsangsa
Silsangsa
is one of the nine Zen Buddhist temples in Korea. Located on the foot of Jirisan in the east of Namwon, it was founded by Jeunggak in 828 in order to spread the Buddhist Dharma. Under his teachings, the Zen Order flourished with great influence, and his students formed what is called the Silsang School. When you cross the stone bridge, a remarkable totems pole greets you first, and in the temple you will be fascinated at the splendid cultural assets. The temple does not give off the solemn and traditional air of the temples that set in the mountains, but no other temple in Korea possesses as many cultural properties as Silsangsa. An elegant three story stone pagoda and stone lantern with its eight edges of the roof stone goes upward along the edge floral patterns engraved stand in front of Baekjangam hermitage. Silsangsa with its five hermitages; Baekjangam, Yaksuam, Seojinam, Hwaeomhakrim and Hwarimwon, is a spiritual sanctuary for anyone seeking the peace of body and mind, emphasizing the Fourfold Community - a Sangha that values laymen and laywomen as well as monks and nuns.
Daewonsa
Daewonsa
is a beautiful, tranquil spot nestled in the Cheonbongsan Mountain near Boseong. Established in 503 by Ado who is credited with having brought Buddhism to the kingdom, it has been the cradle of Buddhist teachings. The 5.5Km entrance creates a cherry blossom tunnel in spring. As you enter the temple area, the first thing that you will see is the Tibetan Museum which is worth a visit. The temple itself lies beyond the museum. The path leading up to the dharma hall is dotted with lotus ponds. On top of the stairs is a Moktak, prayer wooden gong, and a giant bead that hangs on a tree. The main worship hall is the Hall of Utmost Bliss with Amitabha Buddha, devoted to the prayer that all beings may be reborn in the Land of Utmost Bliss. Two wall paintings in this hall depict Dharma and Avalokitesvara. You make sure to check little shoes offered on the altar of the Ksitigarbha and little stone images in their red caps waiting for reincarnation. The temple is also popular with 108 different species of lotus flowers that carry the fragrance of paradise, as well as 50 kinds of water plants that purify the dirty water.
Mihwangsa
This secluded temple, located on the foothill of Dalmasan (Dharma Mountain) in the south of Haenam, is concealing the mystery of 1,200 year old history. The Main Worship Hall, embracing the sea and soaring into the sky, is enshrined with three wooden Buddha Statues with Sakyamuni (Historical Buddha) in the center flanked on each side by Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life) and Bhaisajyaguru (Buddha of Medicine). The canopy in the hall is extremely magnificent as befits the house of Buddha. The hall also contains a small bell, a Dharma drum, and Tanka. An eye catching huge Buddhist painting is 12 meters tall and 5 meters across. It is used for a number of rituals and occasions, such as outdoor Dhrama assemblies. Myeongbujeon is a hall of Ksitigarhbha Bodhisattva who made a great vow to postpone his own enlightenment until he had liberated every sentient being in the hells. The Yama king of the netherworld has a mirror, which reflects his/her entire life; even seemingly insignificant details appear in the mirror one by one. A secretary writes down all the sins on a scroll which becomes heavier as the sins are transcribed. Ksitigarhbha defends the dead person by the mirror. The scroll is weighed to determine the deceased destiny. This is all portrayed on the Buddhist wall painting. Eungjinjeon is a hall dedicate to Arahnts, the awakened followers for the Buddha. The Buddha's chief disciples, Kasyapa and Ananda, are depicted on both side of the main Buddha statue. The temple has Samseonggak hall. The spirit of a mountain is shown as an elderly bearded figure seated underneath a pine tree with a tiger behind him. Two other gods are Chilseong and Dokseong. Chiisong refers to the 3-star or 7-star deity which rules the Pole Star and is another guise of the Lord of Heaven. Dokseong is a mysterious figure of the Taoism. He is one of the Taoist Immortals who lived on the peaks of lofty mountains. Stupas or Budo contain relics of great masters who were respected by monks both in Daedunsa and Mihwangsa in the late period of the Chosun Dynasty. Especially superb is the view of the archipelago from the top rocks of the mountain, and so is the splendor of the sunset.
Baekyangsa
Baekyangsa Temple, situated at the base of Mt. Baekam in the southern part of Mt. Naejangsan National Park, was called Baekam-sa when it was built in 632. Later, in 1034 during the Goryo period, the name changed to Jeongto-sa after the temple was remodeled. According to legend, one day when one of the temple's monks, Hwanyangsonsa, was delivering a sermon during a three-day ceremony, a white sheep came down from Mt. Baekam to listen.
On the last day of the ceremony, the sheep appeared again, this time in the monk's dream. "I was turned into a sheep after committing a crime in heaven," the sheep said, "but I can return to heaven now having listened to your sermon." The next day, a white sheep was found dead in the temple. Afterwards, the name of the temple was changed to Baekyangsa (White Sheep Temple). Today, the temple is a favorite among visitors to the park, who flock there to enjoy the beautiful scenery. The temple has one notable stupa of the great priest Soyo. This 16th century stupa shaped like a stone bell and consists of an octagonal platform supported by a stone lotus. It is embellished with the carvings of a snake, a dragon, a monkey, a frog, and a crab, and is topped with a pattern containing four dragons and a cloud.
Dorimsa
Dorimsa, Temple of the Forest of Ascetics, was reportedly founded in 660 by Wonhyo. It is quietly nestled on a slope of Dongaksan, approximately 4Km west of Gokseong. Bogwangjeon is a main hall that enshrines Sakyamnuni Buddha. It is a cross-legged seating Buddha of a 122cm-tall which was made in 1665 out of wood. He is attended on each side by two Bodhisattvas. On his left is a 119cm-tall Avalokitesvara, a goodness of mercy, and on the other is a 117cm-tall Mahasthamaprapta, a great Bodhisattva who represents Amitabha's wisdom. The temple possesses the precious Buddhist painting called Gwaebultaeng created in 1683, a Tanka depicting Sakyamuni Buddha along with two Bodhisattvas. Other halls in the temple are Eungjindang, Ksitigarbha hall, Bhaisajyaraja hall, and Chilseonggak dedicated to Seven Star Deity. The temple is popular for its scenic attributes. Water flowing deep from Dongaksan, which stretches over 735 meters in height, converges into Dorimsa Valley and forms a dazzling landscape amidst magnificent waterfalls and lush pine forest.
Daeheungsa
Daeheungsa
is located on the junction of two peaks, Noseungbong and Garyunbong in Haenam. It is the head temple of the 22nd parish of the Jogye Order. No exact record of its founding has survived, but remains as the center of Buddhist worship. Although the pressure was high during Joseon period, Daeheungsa has managed to produce many famous monks. After one pillared gate followed by another gate to pass, Haetalmun of four deva kings common to most temples. But enshrined inside are Manjusri on a blue tiger and Samantabhadra on a white elephant for the temple is surrounded by 4 guardian mountains, Cheongwansan, Seoneunsan, Dalmasan, and Wolchulsan in four directions. The temple is unique and rare with its mixture of Buddhism and Confucianism influence. One such example is Pyochungsa shrine inside which enshrines the portraits of three great priests Seosan, Samheongdang and Noemukdang, all of whom recruited worrier monks and fought against the Hideyoshi troops. This shrine is erected in 1788 here to extol and revere the patriotic deeds of great masters. The wooded path to the temple is tranquil and refreshing, dusting off your mind and to be free from idle thoughts. At the entrance, you could hardly miss stupas that hold the relics of great masters including Seosan. He once stated that Daeheungsa would never suffer from disaster caused by Wind, Water or Fire. You sure to check out the mountain ridge in distance that resembles a lying Buddha. There are number of bridges to cross and when you enter the temple, you start winding down. The main worship hall called Daeungjeon has a hipped and garbled roof and enshrines Triad Buddha with Sakyamuni Buddha in the middle attended on each side by Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life) and Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Healing). On the left side of the main hall is Eungjinjeon hall that enshrines Sakyamuni attended by two bodhisattvas; Manjusri and Samantabhadra. The tree story pagoda standing in front of Eungjinjeon hall dates to Silla period. Cheonbuljeon is a hall that holds one thousand Buddha statues made out of a jade some 250 years ago in Gyeongju. Nearby is a museum exhibiting many relics of Seosan, such as the portrait, shoes, praying beads, his own calligraphic works, robe, and bowls. There are many other halls common to most temples. Of the significant cultural assets includes bronze bell, Buddhist paintings, rock carved relief Meitreya Buddha and three story pagoda which can be reached by quite a trek.
Gwaneumsa
Tucked on the slopes of Hallasan on Jeju island, Gwaneumsa is the head temple of the 23rd parish of Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. The temple is said to have been built in the early 11th century, but the whole complex was burnt up by the Ordinance of the abolition of temple during the Joseon period. It was restored in 1908 but modern temple still gives off an ancient atmosphere with beautiful buildings and amazing artworks inside and out. When you pass one-pillared gate, you will marvel at the stone path lined with 108 seated Meitrya Buddha statues; all identical except for their varied gestures. Halfway up the path is another gate to pass through, which contains fearsome statues of the four heavenly kings. Leaving the gates, the path continues with more lines of 70 statues. The main worship hall enshrines Sakyamuni in the middle attended on both side by Manjusri and Samantabhadra. You will make sure to check a graceful wooden statue of Avalokitesvara dating to 1696. To the left of the main courtyard, and above the double-story belfry holding Brahma Bell, Drum, Wooden fish, and Cloud shaped gong is another large Buddha statue. The statue is in front of a large natural amphitheatre which is carved into the hill, and ten thousands of small Buddha statues are seated or standing around the towering statue. Bongryeonggak is a hall dedicated to the Ksitigarbha, the Bodhisattva of the Nether World. He is very popular for his commitment to remain at the level of bodhisattva until no more soul suffers in hell. He is accompanied by the Ten Judges, who stand in front of colorful paintings of their respective domains. There is another small shrine dedicated to the three spirits; The Big Dipper Mountain Spirit, and Lonely Sage common to most temples. Gwaneumsa witnessed a modern tragedy related to April Third Uprising of 1947. But it is a beautiful and quiet place for Templestay, a rewarding experience of monastic life.
Yakcheonsa
Located in Daepo-dong in Seogwipo, it was named after a medicinal stream it was supposedly built over. The temple grounds include a pond thought to contain mythical medicinal water where many stop to drink, inspired by the mysterious stories they have heard. The main worship hall has multiple floors and balconies that overlook a beautiful Buddhas, contained in a large prayer hall. The hall is truly massive. In fact, each level appears to bend slightly under the temple's sheer weight. The 4.5-meter-high Buddha of Cosmic Light at the center attended on each side by Bhaisajyaraja (Buddha of Medicine) and Amitabha (Buddha of Infinite Life), sits atop a marvelous 4-meter throne flanked by mustached dragons wound around golden pillars. Additionally there are several smaller buildings. A visit in the evenings can be even more worthwhile as around the time of sunset the monks begin their evening chants; creating a truly awe-inspiring experience. Outside, a large grassy plaza in front of the hall is surrounded by small stone elephants. At the edge are two pavilions, one contains a huge drum, while the other holds an 18-ton bronze bell.
Unjusa
Unjusa temple, probably built by Priest Doseon in 827, is an unusual place. According to the traditional theory of geomancy, the Korean Peninsula was thought to be imbalanced and in danger of capsizing because there were fewer mountains in the southwest. To prevent this disaster, Unjusa, with its thousand Buddhas and thousand pagodas was built in southern Jeolla Province. Now, about 100 stone Buddha statues and pagodas remain. The statues are sculptured in unorthodox, idiosyncratic, and abstract ways. One leans against rock wall, another sits inside a stone house, and yet another reclines on the ground.
